Sometimes full, sometimes hidden or even invisible, here is the satellite of the Earth : the Moon.
I am the Moon, THE satellite of the Earth.
We always see me on the same side because I spin round as fast as I rotate around the Earth.
I orbit the Earth in 27 days.
The Earth orbits the sun : so I also orbit the Sun.
During the new Moon, the sunbeams illuminate the face "hidden" of the Moon (the one facing the Sun) : from the Earth, we dont see it any more.
During the first and last quarter, the sunbeams illuminate half of the visible face (and half of the "hidden" face) : from Earth, we only see half of the Moon.
Finally during the full Moon, the sunbeams fully illuminate the visible face : from the Earth, the Moon is completely visible.