Croatia took over the area with an agreement that allowed Montenegrin presence in the bay's Croatian waters, and the dispute has become far less contentious since Montenegro's independence in 2006. Niveau de la mer, évaporation, précipitations, température. [155], Settlements along the Adriatic dating to between 6100 and 5900 BC appear in Albania and Dalmatia on the eastern coast, related to the Cardium pottery culture. [89] In the 12th century, the delta advanced at a rate of 25 metres (82 ft) per year. Température de l'eau de la mer adriatique en janvier - Minimum : 50°F/Maximum : 59°F Température de l'eau de la mer adriatique en février - Minimum : 48°F/Maximum : 59°F Température de l'eau de la mer adriatique en mars - Minimum : 50°F/Maximum : 60°F Température de l'eau de la mer adriatique en avril - Minimum : 56°F/Maximum : 61°F Température de l'eau de la mer adriatique en mai - Minimum : … Both countries also declared their economic zones, which partially overlap. [169] Brundisium and Dyrrachium remained important ports well after the Roman period, but an earthquake in the 3rd century AD changed the path of a river causing Apollonia's harbor to silt up, and the city to decline. The park covers 69 kilometres (43 mi) of coastline, 22.95 square kilometres (8.86 sq mi) of land and 44.55 square kilometres (17.20 sq mi) of sea. Plusieurs pays ont leurs côtes au bord de la mer adriatique, parmi lesquels : l'Albanie, la Bosnie-Herzégovine, la Croatie, les Îles croates, l'Italie et la Slovénie. The Adriatic Sea sits on the Apulian or Adriatic Microplate, which separated from the African Plate in the Mesozoic era. The largest cargo ports among them are the Port of Trieste (the largest Adriatic cargo port in Italy), the Port of Venice, the Port of Ravenna, the Port of Koper (the largest Slovenian port),[272] the Port of Rijeka (the largest Croatian cargo port), and the Port of Brindisi. [233][234], Italy and Yugoslavia defined their Adriatic continental shelf delimitation in 1968,[235] with an additional agreement signed in 1975 on the Gulf of Trieste boundary, following the Treaty of Osimo. Sulla used it during the First Mithridatic War. Le meilleur moment pour visiter en la région des Côte Adriatique en L' Italie est de mai à octobre, lorsque les une agréable ou chaud températures sont et presque rien pluviosité.La température moyenne la plus élevée an Côte Adriatique est 29°C en juillet et la plus basse est 10°C en janvier. [259] As of January 2012, the Blue Flag has been awarded to 103 Italian Adriatic beaches and 29 marinas, 116 Croatian beaches and 19 marinas, 7 Slovenian beaches and 2 marinas, and 16 Montenegrin beaches. The area encompasses 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) of coastline near the Miramare promontory in the Gulf of Trieste. Following World War I and the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, the eastern coast's control passed to Yugoslavia and Albania. In Serbo-Croatian and Slovene, the sea is often referred to as simply Jadran. The sinking of Venice slowed after artesian wells were banned in the 1960s, but the city remains threatened by the acqua alta floods. [11] Major rivers discharging into the Adriatic include the Po, Soča, Krka, Neretva, Drin, Bojana, and Vjosë. [78] Historical earthquakes in the area include the 1627 Gargano peninsula and the 1667 Dubrovnik earthquakes, both followed by strong tsunamis. Veneto is followed by the Emilia-Romagna region and by the Adriatic Croatian counties. [160][161] Those wars ended with the eastern shore becoming a province of the Roman Republic. In 568 AD the Lombards invaded northern Italy, and over the course of the next century or so the importance of the Exarchate declined as the territory under Lombard control expanded and as the Byzantine outpost of Venice became increasingly independent. Karstification there largely began after the Dinarides' final uplift in the Oligocene and the Miocene, when carbonate deposits were exposed to atmospheric effects; this extended to the level of 120 metres (390 ft) below the present sea level, exposed during the Last Glacial Maximum. [260] Adriatic tourism is a significant source of income for these countries, especially in Croatia and Montenegro where the tourism income generated along the Adriatic coast represents the bulk of such income. The Adriatic Sea (/ ˌ eɪ d r i ˈ æ t ɪ k /) is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans.The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley.The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro and … Part I. [63] There are also some larger cities that are located very near the coast, such as the Italian cities of Ravenna and Lecce. The former disintegrated during the 1990s, resulting in four new states on the Adriatic coast. Au printemps, la température de la mer grimpe à 20°C pour atteindre son maximum à 26°C en été. In the 17th century, the delta began to become a human-controlled environment, as the excavation of artificial channels started; the channels and new distributaries of the Po have been prograding at rates of 50 metres (160 ft) per year or more since then. [76] Earthquakes have been observed in the region since the earliest historical records. [236], The maritime boundary between Bosnia–Herzegovina and Croatia was formally settled in 1999, but a few issues are still in dispute—the Klek peninsula and two islets in the border area. [77] A recent strong earthquake in the region was the 1979 Montenegro earthquake, measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale. The Adriatic's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean's because the Adriatic collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean, acting as a dilution basin. August 2014. This separation began in the Middle and Late Triassic, when limestone began to be deposited in the area. de mer. However, increasing fishing prevented the migration of large schools of fish to the north. The largest passenger ports in the Adriatic are the Port of Split (the largest Croatian passenger port) and ports in Ancona (the largest Italian passenger seaport in the Adriatic). [149][150], Another source of pollution of the Adriatic is solid waste. The depleted fish stock, and Croatia's Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone (ZERP) contributed to accusations of overfishing exchanged between Italian and Croatian fishermen. [173], In the Early Middle Ages, after the Roman Empire's decline, the Adriatic's coasts were ruled by Ostrogoths, Lombards and the Byzantine Empire. the law of the sea 4879. the baltic sea 2819. the black sea 2207. by sea 2125. [159], Roman economic and military influence in the region began to grow with the creation by 246 BC of a major naval base at Brundisium (now Brindisi), which was established to bar Carthaginian ships from the Adriatic during the Punic Wars. [289] These gas and oil reserves are part of the Po basin Province of Northern Italy and the Northern Mediterranean Sea. This arrangement was made permanent in the 1975 Treaty of Osimo. [18] The North Adriatic basin, extending between Venice and Trieste towards a line connecting Ancona and Zadar, is only 15 metres (49 ft) deep at its northwestern end; it gradually deepens towards the southeast. It exports inorganic nutrients and imports particulate organic carbon and nitrogen through the Strait of Otranto—acting as a mineralization site. [14][15] In 2016, Slovenia adopted a new elevation benchmark referring to the upgraded tide gauge station in the coastal town of Koper. [224], During the Cold War, the Adriatic Sea became the southernmost flank of the Iron Curtain as Italy joined NATO,[225] while the Warsaw Pact established bases in Albania. Thomas Fromm "Pipeline durch die Alpen: Alles im Fluss" In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 26 December 2019. In 402 AD, during a period of repeated Germanic invasions of Italy, the capital was shifted to Ravenna because nearby marshes made it more defensible, and the Adriatic provided an easy escape path by sea. No longer have to stay alone in hotels or apartments, finally, they too can enjoy the holiday in a beautiful new and fully equipped beach.The Doggy Beach is located in Lignano Sabbiadoro on Lungomare Marin, near the beach office n. 1, easily reachable also with the public transportation. [34], The normal tide levels are known to increase significantly in a conducive environment, leading to coastal flooding; this phenomenon is most famously known in Italy—especially Venice—as acqua alta. [3] The two terms were not synonymous, however. [204] The campaign reached its climax in the 1811 Battle of Lissa,[citation needed] and ended with British and Austrian troops seizing the coastal cities on the eastern Adriatic coast from the French. [183], The High Middle Ages in the Adriatic Sea basin saw further territorial changes, including the Norman conquest of southern Italy ending the Byzantine presence on the Apennine peninsula in the 11th and 12th centuries (the territory would become the Kingdom of Naples in 1282)[184][185] and the control of a substantial part of the eastern Adriatic coast by the Kingdom of Hungary after a personal union was established between Croatia and Hungary in 1102. Pesca … La moyenne de saison de la température de l'eau pour le mois de août se situe entre 24.7°C et 25.7°C. [16], The Alps, which also have a large meteorological impact on the Mediterranean, touch the Adriatic in the area around Trieste towards Duino and Barcola. Plusieurs pays bordent la mer adriatique tels que la Croatie, la Slovénie, la Bosnie-Herzégovine, l’Italie et l’Albanie. Sediments deposited in the Adriatic Sea today generally come from the northwest coast, being carried by the Po, Reno, Adige, Brenta, Tagliamento, Piave and Soča rivers. Various zones of the protected area cover 37 square kilometres (14 sq mi) of sea surface. Température mer: 14° 14° 14° 16° 19° 23° 26° 25° 24° 21° 19° 16° [191] The 15th and the 16th centuries brought about the Byzantine Empire's destruction in 1453 and the Ottoman Empire's expansion that reached Adriatic shores in present-day Albania and Montenegro as well as the immediate hinterland of the Dalmatian coast,[192][193] defeating the Hungarian and Croatian armies at Krbava in 1493 and Mohács in 1526. [86][87], There are alternations of maritime and alluvial sediments occurring in the Po Valley, at the Adriatic's north-west coast, and as far west as Piacenza, dating to the Pleistocene as the sea advanced and receded over the valley. Conditions meteorologiques et vents en adriatique. [124] The Mljet national park was established in 1960, covering a 24-square-kilometre (9.3 sq mi) marine protection area. Pendant la journée, la brise de mer rend habituellement la chaleur supportable, tandis que les nuits sont étouffantes à cause de l'humidité de la mer. It is estimated that some karst formations are from earlier sea level drops, most notably the Messinian salinity crisis. However, proposed export oil pipelines were objected to specifically because of this issue. In the Adriatic, there are at least 410 species and subspecies of fish, representing approximately 70% of Mediterranean taxa, with at least 7 species endemic to the Adriatic. The 2006 marine capture catch in Croatian waters consisted of sardines (44.8%), anchovies (31.3%), tunas (2.7%), other pelagic fish (4.8%), hake (2.4%), mullet (2.1%), other demersal fish (8.3%), crustaceans (largely lobster and Nephrops norvegicus) (0.8%), shellfish (largely oysters and mussels) (0.3%), cuttlefish (0.6%), squids (0.2%) and octopuses and other cephalopods (1.6%). During much of the 12th and 13th centuries, Venice and the Republic of Genoa were engaged in warfare culminating in the War of Chioggia, ousting the Genoese from the Adriatic. The drainage basin's mean elevation is 782 metres (2,566 ft) above sea level, with a mean slope of 12.1°. [178] The Republic of Venice was founded during this period and went on to become a significant maritime power after receiving a Byzantine tax exemption in 1082. The coast's ruggedness is exacerbated by the Dinaric Alps' proximity to the coast, in contrast to the opposite (Italian) coast where the Apennine Mountains are further away from the shoreline. La température de l'eau est comprise entre 13°C et 28°C. The proponents of the new union in the Croatian parliament saw the move as a safeguard against Italian expansionism as stipulated in the Treaty of London. La mer Adriatique est celle qui baigne toute la Côte de Rimini.C’est la mer où, beaucoup d’entre nous, prennent des bains rafraîchissants en été. Les pays côtiers de la mer Adriatique sont: l'Albanie, la Croatie, la Bosnie-Herzégovine, l'Italie, le … Italian fisheries, including those operating outside the Adriatic, employed 60,700 in the primary sector, including aquaculture (which comprises 40% of the total fisheries production). Croatian fisheries employed approximately 20,000. [82] Most of the eastern coast is characterised by a karst topography, developed from the Adriatic Carbonate Platform's exposure to weathering. [164], During the Roman period Brundisium, on the western shore, and Apollonia and Dyrrachium (originally called Epidamnos, now Durrës in Albania) on the eastern shore became important ports. The average summer temperature of the Adriatic is between 22-26 degrees Celsius. Privrednik", Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports (Albania), "Tourism – Hotels, Slovenia, 2008–2010 – final data", "Traffic of ships, passengers and goods by harbour master's offices and statistical ports, 2008", "Slovenia's Luka Koper 2011 Cargo Throughput Up 11%", "Signed the founding of the NAPA in Trieste, Rijeka is expected to join in", Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia), "Annamaria offshore oil rig starts trial run", "Natural gas reserves in the Adriatic may be up to 100 billion cubic meters", "Istraživanje i proizvodnja ugljikovodika u Hrvatskoj", "Petroleum Systems of the Po Basin Province of Northern Italy and the Northern Adriatic Sea", "Northern Petroleum to expand exploration of Rovesti and Giove oil discoveries", "New Commercial Oil Discovery at Rovesti Structure in South Adriatic and its Importance for Croatian Part of Adriatic Basin", "Milanović poništio Kosoričin natječaj za istraživanje nafte i plina", "Oceanographic Time Series in the Adriatic Sea", Region 5 – Western Africa, Mediterranean, Black Sea Nautical Charts, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adriatic_Sea&oldid=995296315, Bodies of water of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Articles with Slovene-language sources (sl), Articles with dead external links from February 2017, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with Albanian-language sources (sq), Articles with dead external links from January 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox body of water without pushpin map, Articles using infobox body of water without image bathymetry, Articles containing Albanian-language text, Articles containing Emilian-language text, Articles containing Friulian-language text, Articles containing Istro Romanian-language text, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles containing Serbo-Croatian-language text, Articles containing Slovene-language text, Articles containing Venetian-language text, Articles containing Croatian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 07:36. L’eau est basse et le fond sableux, voilà pourquoi se baigner ici est joli, amusant et sûr, tout spécialement pour les enfants qui … [108], Tuna has been caught by the locals in the upper Adriatic for thousands of years. [122] Telašćica is a nature park established on Dugi Otok in 1988. [201] The new kingdom included the province of Romagna, thus removing the Papal State from the Adriatic coast;[202] however, Trieste, Istria and Dalmatia were joined into a set of separate provinces of the French Empire: the Illyrian Provinces. The surface water temperatures generally range from 30 °C (86 °F) in summer to 12 °C (54 °F) in winter, significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin's climate. Google Scholar. [131] It is also the northernmost point of growth of some Mediterranean plant species. [229] The period also saw the Adriatic Sea as the theatre of several NATO operations, including the blockade of Yugoslavia,[232] intervention in Bosnia-Herzegovina and the 1999 bombing of Yugoslavia. The bora is significantly conditioned by wind gaps in the Dinaric Alps bringing cold and dry continental air; it reaches peak speeds in the areas of Trieste, Senj, and Split, with gusts of up to 180 kilometres per hour (97 kn; 110 mph). Most of the eastern shore of the Adriatic was part of Dalmatia, except for the southernmost portion, part of the province of Macedonia, and the peninsula of Istria on the northern part of the eastern shore; Istria contained the important Roman colony at Pula and was incorporated into the province of Italy. [98], The unique nature of the Adriatic gives rise to an abundance of endemic flora and fauna. Moyennes mensuelles de la température de la mer sur 12 mois octobre 2020 Température de l'eau moyenne : 70°F (68°F à 72°F) septembre 2020 Température de l'eau moyenne : 76°F (72°F à 77°F) août 2020 Température de l'eau moyenne : 79°F (76°F à 81°F) juillet 2020 Température de l'eau moyenne : 77°F (76°F à 79°F) juin 2020 [133] The Debeli Rtič natural monument covers 24 hectares (59 acres),[134] the Cape Madona natural monument covers 12 hectares (30 acres),[135] and the Lakes in Fiesa natural monument, with the coastal lake as the only brackish lake in Slovenia,[136] covers 2.1 hectares (5.2 acres). Fisheries and tourism are significant sources of income all along the Adriatic coast. The territory was turned back over to France after the Peace of Pressburg in 1805, when the territory in the Po valley became an integral part of the new Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy. Temperature and salinity were measured at the stations: P1 on 56% of cruises, 95% at P2, 77% at P3, 67% at P4, 66% at P5 and 40% at P6. Still, since most of the cargo handled by the Adriatic ports, and virtually all liquid (tanker) cargo handled by the ports, is coming to—not coming from—the Adriatic Basin, the risk from ballast water (from tankers expelling ballast water then loading in the Adriatic) remains minimal. [237] The depleted stocks of fish are being addressed through a new proposed EU fisheries policy that was scheduled to take effect in 2013, when Croatia acceded to the EU,[254] and restore the stocks to sustainable levels by 2015. [186] The Adriatic coastline controlled by the Ottoman Empire was reduced by the Congress of Berlin in 1878, through recognition of the independence of the Principality of Montenegro, which controlled the coast south of the Bay of Kotor to the Bojana River. Au cours de l'année, il tombe 800 mm de pluie ; la neige est plus rare qu'à Milan et Turin, et en tout cas pas abondante, mais la ville est soumise au vent froid en provenance de l'Europe de l'est, la Bora. [85] Rocks of the same type are found in Albania and on the western Adriatic coast. [8] The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the boundary between the Adriatic and the Ionian seas as a line running from the Butrinto River's mouth (latitude 39°44'N) in Albania to the Karagol Cape in Corfu, through this island to the Kephali Cape (these two capes are in latitude 39°45'N), and on to the Santa Maria di Leuca Cape (latitude 39°48'N). Finally, in case you’re still wondering where is the Adriatic sea…. Medit., 28(5): 155-158. That boundary became more consistently defined by Roman authors – early Greek sources place the boundary between the Adriatic and Ionian seas at various places ranging from adjacent to the Gulf of Venice to the southern tip of the Peloponnese, eastern shores of Sicily and western shores of Crete. It contributes to the flow of bottom water from the Adriatic to the Levantine Basin through the Ionian Sea. The origins of the name Adriatic are linked to the Etruscan settlement of Adria, which probably derives its name from the Illyrian adur meaning water or sea. Les mois les plus pluvieux sont : novembre, octobre et décembre . The last major tuna catch was made there in 1954 by the fishermen from Santa Croce, Contovello and Barcola. [229] The ensuing Croatian War of Independence included limited naval engagements and a blockade of Croatia's coast by the Yugoslav Navy,[230] leading to the Battle of the Dalmatian channels and a later withdrawal of Yugoslav vessels. The initial Roman intervention in 229 BC, motivated in part by a desire to suppress Illyrian piracy in the Adriatic, marked the first time that the Roman navy crossed that sea to launch a military campaign. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea. However, during the reign of Justinian the Byzantine Empire sent an army under the general Belisarius to regain control of Italy, resulting in the Gothic War (535–554). There are dozens of marine protected areas in the Adriatic, designed to protect the sea's karst habitats and biodiversity. Durant l’hiver, la température de l’eau frôle les 15°C. Les périodes les plus chaudes se produisent quand le vent souffle du sud, car l'effet modérateur de la mer disparaît : dans ces cas, la température peut atteindre 35/37 °C. Venice, which was originally built on islands off the coast, is most at risk due to subsidence, but the threat is present in the Po delta as well. Durant l'Oligocène, la péninsule … [221], During World War II, the Adriatic saw only limited naval action, starting with the Italian invasion of Albania and the joint Axis invasion of Yugoslavia. int. ", "Facing Water Challenges in the Po River Basin, Italy: A WWDR3 Case Study", "Technology: Venetians put barrage to the test against the Adriatic", "Venice's 1,500-year battle with the waves", "Venice's MOSE flood barriers rise for the first time", "Submerged Karst – Dead or Alive?
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